Suchergebnisse

By examining the great economic and political transformations of our time, Juan Luis Manfredi-Sánchez reveals how cities and their hinterlands have become part of globalisation. The global city has joined the group of actors who develop diplomatic, political and communicative action in a manner that is de facto and lawful. Thus, the city is involved in the formulation of foreign policy at the same time that it proposes its own political agenda, which may or may not be aligned with its own country. The city thereby becomes a source of innovation in the field of diplomacy. The Covid-19 pandemic is accelerating the political and diplomatic role of cities, which have become epicentres of prevention and response in the face of this public health crisis.

"Subnational political units are growing in influence in national and international affairs, drawing increasing scholarly attention to politics beyond national capitals. In this book, leading Russian and Western political scientists contribute to debates in comparative politics by examining Russia's subnational politics. Beginnings with a chapter that reviews major debates in theory and method, this book continues to examine Russia's 83 regions, exploring a wide range of topics including the nature and stability of authoritarian regimes, federal politics, political parties, ethnic conflict, governance and inequality in a comparative perspective. Providing both qualitative and quantitative data from 20 years of original research, the book draws on elite interaction, public opinion and the role of institutions regionally in the post-Soviet years. The regions vary on a number of theoretically interesting dimensions while their federal membership provides control for other dimensions that are challenging for globally comparative studies. The authors demonstrate the utility of subnational analyses and show how regional questions can help answer a variety of political questions, providing evidence from Russia that can be used by specialists on other large countries or world regions in cross-national scholarship. Situated within broader theoretical and methodological political science debates, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of Russian politics, comparative politics, regionalism and subnational politics"--

This book examines and systematises the theoretical dimensions of paradiplomacy - the role of subnational governments in international relations. Throughout the world, subnational governments play an active role in international relations by participating in international trade, cultural missions and diplomatic relations with foreign powers. These governments, including states in the USA and landers in Germany, can sometimes even challenge the official foreign policy of their national government. These activities, which are regularly promoting the subnational government's interests, have been.

Offering a general view of the development of subnational foreign action around the world, this work covers topics such as the repercussions upon subnational autonomy of the progressive consistution of international regimes such as the EU, NAFTA and APEC.

This book analyses a middle position between single enumerations in a regular federal-like and a regular autonomy-like distribution of legislative powers by examining constitutional legislation in three countries (Canada, Denmark and Finland) that have established separate enumerations for the national level and the sub-state level. The sub-state level consists of provinces in Canada, the Faroe Islands in Denmark and the Åland Islands in Finland. The book provides interpretations of the competence line based on double enumeration between the national parliament and the sub-state entities, where relevant, on the basis of the travaux preparatoires of the fundamental norms on which the arrangements are based, judicial or quasi-judicial resolutions of competence problems, and relevant doctrine and literature.

Case study rich, this volume advances our understanding of the significance of 'the city' in global governance. The editors call for innovation in international relations theory with case studies that add breadth to theorizing the role sub-national political actors play in global affairs. Each of the eight case studies demonstrates different intersections between the local and the global and how these intersections alter the conditions resulting from globalization processes. The case studies do so by focusing on one of three sub-themes: the diverse ways in which cities and sub-national regions impact nation-state foreign policy; the various dimensions of urban imbrications in global environmental politics; or the multiple methods and standards used to measure the global roles of cities.

Paradiplomacy is the definitive first practitioner's guide to foreign policy at the subnational level. In this seminal work, Tavares draws from a unique pool of best practices and case studies from all over the world to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the conceptual, juridical, operational, organizational, governmental and diplomatic parameters of paradiplomacy.

Cities have become increasingly important to global politics, but have largely occupied a peripheral place in the academic study of International Relations (IR). This is a notable oversight for the discipline, although one which may be explained by IR's traditional state centrism, the subjugation of the city to the demands of the territorial state in the modern period, and a lack of conceptual and analytical frameworks that can allow scholars to include the impact of cities within their work. Presenting case-specific scholarship from leading experts in the field, each contribu.

La décentralisation fonctionnelle vise, entre autres, à renforcer l'efficience, l'efficacité et la qualité des services publics en simplifiant la structure organisationnelle et en parvenant à une plus grande proximité avec le consommateur final. La création de ces entités est cependant critiquée en raison de la possibilité qui existe d'en faire un usage politique dans le but d'éviter les limites d'endettement imposées aux administrations infranationales, la dette étant alors transférée dans les états comptables de ces agences. Les données empiriques qui découlent de la présente étude indiquent que le fait de se servir de ces entreprises pour obtenir des financements externes varie selon la réglementation comptable applicable en ce qui concerne la consolidation des comptes. Les processus de décentralisation qui visent à augmenter la dette se retrouvent plus souvent parmi les gouvernements locaux de gauche et sont fortement liés à la pression budgétaire. Remarques à l'intention des praticiens Nos résultats indiquent que les fondations supplantent désormais les entreprises publiques dans les processus de décentralisation dans le but d'obtenir des fonds externes, ces organismes n'étant pas inclus dans les comptes consolidés. Une réglementation plus stricte devrait par conséquent être instaurée en Espagne. Cette utilisation opportuniste des agences décentralisées est essentiellement préconisée par les idéologies politiques de gauche, et ce dans le but de contracter plus de dette que nécessaire. Par conséquent, les services d'audit externe (Cámaras de Cuentas) devraient renforcer le processus de contrôle des gouvernements locaux afin d'éviter leur pouvoir d'appréciation managérial.

Offering conclusions for improving intergovernmental relations, determining international economic development strategies, and showing how many subnational governments are involved in world politics, this book examines how US states and governors connect to American foreign relations, tracing activities that began in the 1950s and have expanded with globalization. Chapters explain governors' foreign relations activities in political, economic, and defense contexts and how US states compete in the global economy. The book analyzes US states' ability to attract foreign investment and promote exports, making use of statistical analysis and personal interviews with state officials in the United States and posted abroad.

Summary: In the logic of the rankings, Paraguay is a peaceful country where crime does not represent a serious problem as in other Latin American nations; however, in some of its departments violence rates are only compared with those in the most violent territories in the region. This article seeks to identify the conditions of sufficiency that make it possible to explain why certain Paraguayan departments are significantly more violent than others. This compares nine of them, dividing them between the most and the least violent. The main findings show that those with the most accidental terrain and where effective state coverage is hindered, are the ones that concentrate the highest homicide rates, and that, in contrast to the situation in countries such as Mexico, political coordination between the national and subnational governments has an inverse correlation with what has been put forward in theory. ; Resumen: En la lógica de los rankings, Paraguay es un país pacífico donde el crimen no representa un problema grave como sucede en otras naciones latinoamericanas; sin embargo, en algunos de sus departamentos las tasas de violencia solo se comparan con las de los territorios más violentos de la región. Este artículo busca identificar las condiciones de suficiencia que permitan explicar por qué ciertos departamentos paraguayos son notablemente más violentos que otros. Para ello se comparan nueve de ellos, dividiéndolos entre los más y los menos violentos. Los principales hallazgos muestran que aquellos con una orografía más accidentada y en los que se dificulta la cobertura efectiva por parte del Estado, son los que concentran las mayores tasas de homicidios, y que, en contraste con lo que ocurre en países como México, la coordinación política entre el gobierno nacional y los subnacionales tiene una correlación inversa a lo planteado en la teoría.

This paper analyzes multi-stage taxation by provinces in a federal country, using a novel two-good, two-province, successive-oligopoly heterogeneous-product Bertrand competition model, where each producer is located in a province and sells its product through exclusive retailers located in both provinces. The producer-retailer setup allows provincial governments to raise taxes on upstream and downstream transactions. First, we analyze tax incidence results and emphasize the importance of the degree of downstream competition on the tax shifting. Second, we solve a non-cooperative revenue maximization problem and study the properties of the equilibrium taxes. We characterize the solution: either all tax rates are positive or one province drops one tax rate. This way, the full-tax solution dominates upstream and downstream taxation. Also, the non-cooperative solution implies over-taxation when compared with the cooperative solution. ; Este paper analiza impuestos en múltiples etapas recaudados por provincias en un país federal, utilizando un modelo novedoso de competencia en dos segmentos productor- minorista a la Bertrand con productos diferenciados, donde cada productor está ubicado en una provincia y vende en todo el país a través de sus distribuidores. Este modelo genera la posibilidad de que las provincias recauden en las dos etapas de transacciones. En primer lugar, se obtienen resultados de incidencia, enfatizando la importancia del grado de diferenciación sobre la traslación. En segundo lugar, se resuelve el problema de maximización de recaudación en un contexto no cooperativo y se estudian las propiedades de las alícuotas de equilibrio: las provincias utilizan todas las alícuotas o una de ellas descarta sólo una alícuota. La solución no cooperativa domina (en términos de recaudación) a los casos de impuestos al productor o a las ventas minoristas. Por otro lado, esta solución se caracteriza por imposición excesiva (respecto de un caso cooperativo). Departamento de Economía

Cet article prend comme objet de recherche des agents municipaux chargés dans leurs administrations des politiques municipales pour les populations issues de l'immigration et engagés dans un groupe de travail du réseau de villes européen, Eurocités. Il s'agit de questionner ce que fait l'Europe à ces professionnels dans leur travail quotidien. Un premier regard sur ces professionnels s'intéresse à l'ensemble des freins, et en particulier l'adhésion des acteurs impliqués à leurs normes politiques, législatives et sociales nationales, à la construction d'un sens partagé. Néanmoins, un regard plus resserré sur les membres de ce groupe de travail permet de dévoiler les signes de professionnalisation de ces agents. Cette enquête dévoile ainsi les manières dont l'Europe est utilisée au niveau infranational comme une ressource cognitive pour définir leurs politiques locales sur la question migratoire.